Women Together: Conflict, Courage and Hope in the Congo
Naomi Steer - National Director of Australia for UNHCR
Five years ago, Major General Patrick Cammaert,
the Deputy Force Commander of the United Nations Mission to the Democratic
Republic of the Congo (DRC) despairing of the use of rape as a weapon of war
declared, “It is now more
dangerous to be a woman than to be a soldier in modern wars.”
It was as shocking to hear then, as it is to
recount now. For many women and girls in the conflict-prone eastern provinces
of DRC, sexual violence has become a sad reality of everyday life. Some 350
rapes are reported every week, yet this is only a fraction of the true number
committed.
But today as we mark the UN International Day of
Non-Violence, there are some small green shoots of hope. After decades of brutal civil war and
atrocities wrought on the entire civilian population, the DRC has for the first
time in years some relative stability.
And in a world where minds are rightly focused
on devastating suffering in Iraq, Syria and South Sudan, the current situation
in DRC represents a rare window of opportunity for change that we cannot let
slip.
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| Women and children refugees from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Image: Thomas Mukoya. |
In June, all UN member states voted unanimously
to adopt Security Council Resolution 2106 on conflict-related sexual violence.
Building on a series of previous UN Resolutions on Women, Security and
Conflict, Resolution 2106 seeks to put substance to the words and reinforces
the work that the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) and others are doing to implement
prevention and support programs on the ground for victims of sexual violence.
It is
also an opportunity to push forward on the strong messages being sent by the
Australian Government. The Foreign Minister, Julie Bishop recently addressed
the Australian Dialogue on Sexual Violence in Conflict, saying, “we cannot accept a world where women are
considered collateral damage of war. We have to work together – this is a matter for
the good minds in all sectors – legal, military,
government, policing, humanitarian, diplomatic, judicial and NGOs. We need
practical, tangible actions.”
It is a call echoed by former UK Foreign
Secretary William Hague and UNHCR’s Special Envoy Angelina Jolie who led the specially convened Global
Summit in London in June to End Sexual Violence in Conflict and where Jolie
called for the world to work together for women in the DRC. The Australian Army’s Lieutenant General David Morrison also
addressed the Summit, lamenting “we live in a world where the squandering of
women's talent, the traducing of their potential, is a global disgrace.”
As I often point out to the refugee and
displaced women I speak to in conflict zones, violence against women is a
problem across the world, including in Australia. However in our country we are
lucky to have the support of government and legal and social systems to support
victims of violence. Vulnerable refugees and displaced women have neither the
protection of their own country or often their host country and must rely on
the support of humanitarian bodies like UNHCR.
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| A young Congolese woman at a UNHCR refugee camp. Image: Thomas Mukoya. |
In the DRC we’re talking about violence against women and girls happening on an
extreme scale because of a collapse of rule of law and government and
infrastructure. It is in this vacuum that UNHCR is funding a number of
grassroots programs.
One of those programs is headed up by Sister
Angelique Namaika a catholic nun who operates a safe haven for women and
children in Dungu, Orientale province in northeastern DRC. Here, nearly
everyone I spoke to when I visited recently has been a victim of the notorious
militia group the Lord’s Resistance Army
(LRA).
Supported by UNHCR, Sister Angelique’s group ‘La maison des femmes’ runs a bakery,
literacy classes, psychosocial counseling for victims of sexual violence, and
also an agricultural project that literally embodies those green shoots of hope
springing up in the DRC.
In a remote agricultural clearing 80 women toil
together on individual plots of land growing maize, rice and cassava. It is
tough work but also restorative. As one woman, who had two sons kidnapped by
the LRA - one returning to her with his right arm chopped off and the other dead
- tells me “I thought I would die
with sadness but now with these other women for the first time I can think
ahead.” Woman after woman
told me of the importance of this support, the opportunity to earn a livelihood
and to be independent.
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| A Congolese refugee woman proudly shows the produce from her land. Image: Australia for UNHCR. |
Further east in the beautiful but still dangerous
hills of North Kivu’s Masisi country
where the most active militia group the M23 retreated to last year, I met young
girls aged as young as 12 years old, who had been rescued by UNHCR from one of
the town’s many brothels. They were just little schoolgirls. According
to NGOs in the area, prostitution and survival sex has gone hand in hand with conflict
and the expansion of mining in the area.
UNHCR funds a rape
crisis centre and health clinic in Masisi where rape victims receive post
exposure prophylactics, counseling services and assistance reporting rape to
the police. UNHCR also has funded mobile courts to bring perpetrators to
justice.
Believing prevention is the key, UNHCR is now
focusing on sensitization programs working with local communities to bring
awareness about women and girls rights. These include street theatre, comic
books and even a TV Soap series that is widely watched in DRC about the
challenges a girls’ soccer team faces
with sub themes of sexual harassment and violence, forced marriages and
survivor sex.
In a discussion group I attended, after a film
on rape was shown, the audience was asked for their reactions. One of the local
men stood up and said, very honestly, “I
know now that it’s not right to rape
women.” I heard a woman say that she now understood that rapists can be
prosecuted. This might seem small, but these are real signs of change.
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| A theatre group at a refugee camp teach Congolese refugees about ending domestic violence. Image: Thomas Mukoya. |
As the Australian Government calls for new ways
for government and the private sector to engage together to promote foreign aid
initiatives we look to opportunities to work with government and other
Australian actors in DRC including the mining sector to help stop the endemic
of sexual violence and to ensure men and women can live in dignity and safety.
Our country, through more than 80,000 individual
Australians who donate to Australia for UNHCR gives more to UNHCR on a per
capita basis from the private sector than any other country. While the domestic
asylum debate dominates the headlines we should not forget that Australians in
their thousands are actively supporting women in places like DRC with tangible
and practical help.
This comes at the same time that both the
Australian government and global leaders have highlighted this issue as one of
the most compelling issues women face globally right now. Now, on the
International Day of Non-Violence, we should grasp this unique moment to help
the entire Congolese nation take a stand against the tragic culture of rape
that has pervaded it for so long.
Women Together: Conflict, Courage and Hope is
a photographic exhibition taken during a recent Australia for UNHCR mission to
the DRC. The exhibition is at the Nishi Gallery, 17 Kendall Lane, New Acton,
ACT and will run to Sunday 5 October
